Ma e jiri ya tụnyere moto radial flux, moto axial flux nwere ọtụtụ uru na nhazi ụgbọ ala eletrik. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, moto axial flux nwere ike ịgbanwe nhazi nke powertrain site na ibugharị moto ahụ site na axle gaa n'ime wiil.
1. Axis nke ike
Moto Axial fluxna-enweta nlebara anya na-abawanye ụba (ịbawanye uru). Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, a na-eji ụdị moto a eme ihe n'ọrụ ndị na-anaghị arụ ọrụ dịka igwe mbuli elu na igwe ọrụ ugbo, mana n'ime afọ iri gara aga, ọtụtụ ndị mmepe anọwo na-arụ ọrụ iji melite teknụzụ a ma tinye ya na ọgba tum tum eletrik, pod ọdụ ụgbọ elu, gwongworo ibu, ụgbọ ala eletrik, na ọbụna ụgbọelu.
Moto radial flux ọdịnala na-eji magnet na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ moto induction, nke emeela nnukwu ọganihu n'ịhazi ibu na ọnụ ahịa. Agbanyeghị, ha na-eche ọtụtụ ihe isi ike ihu n'ịga n'ihu na-etolite. Axial flux, ụdị moto dị iche kpamkpam, nwere ike ịbụ ezigbo nhọrọ.
Ma e jiri ya tụnyere moto radial, mpaghara elu magnet dị irè nke moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide axial flux bụ elu rotor moto, ọ bụghị dayameta mpụta. Ya mere, n'ime olu ụfọdụ nke moto, moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide axial flux nwere ike inye ike ka ukwuu.
Moto Axial fluxha dị obere karịa; Ma e jiri ya tụnyere moto radial, ogologo axial nke moto ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ karịa. Maka moto wiil dị n'ime, nke a na-abụkarị ihe dị mkpa. Nhazi dị obere nke moto axial na-eme ka njupụta ike na njupụta torque dị elu karịa moto radial ndị yiri ya, si otú a na-ewepụ mkpa ọ dị maka ọsọ ọrụ dị elu nke ukwuu.
Arụmọrụ nke moto axial flux dịkwa oke elu, na-agafekarị 96%. Nke a bụ n'ihi ụzọ flux dị mkpụmkpụ, nke nwere otu akụkụ, nke yiri ya ma ọ bụ karịa na arụmọrụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere moto radial flux 2D kacha mma n'ahịa.
Ogologo moto ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ, ọ na-adịkarị mkpụmkpụ karịa ugboro ise ruo asatọ, a na-ebelatakwa ibu ya site na ugboro abụọ ruo ise. Ihe abụọ a agbanweela nhọrọ nke ndị na-emepụta ikpo okwu ụgbọala eletrik.
2. Teknụzụ mgbanwe axial
E nwere ụzọ abụọ dị mkpa maka topologiesmoto axial flux: otu stator nke abụọ (a na-akpọ ya igwe ụdị torus mgbe ụfọdụ) na otu stator nke abụọ nke otu rotor.
Ugbu a, ọtụtụ injin magnet na-adịgide adịgide na-eji radial flux topology. Sekit flux magnet na-amalite site na magnet na-adịgide adịgide na rotor, na-agafe ezé mbụ na stator, wee na-asọfe radially n'akụkụ stator. Mgbe ahụ, na-agafe ezé nke abụọ iji ruo ígwè magnet nke abụọ na rotor. N'ime topology flux axial rotor dual, loop flux na-amalite site na magnet mbụ, na-agafe site na axial site na ezé stator, wee rute magnet nke abụọ ozugbo.
Nke a pụtara na ụzọ flux dị mkpụmkpụ karịa nke moto flux radial, nke na-eme ka obere olu moto dị, ike dị elu na arụmọrụ n'otu ike ahụ.
Moto radial, ebe mmiri magnet na-agafe site na ezé mbụ wee laghachi na ezé ọzọ site na stator, na-erute magnet. Mmiri magnet na-eso ụzọ akụkụ abụọ.
Ụzọ ndọta nke igwe ndọta axial na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ otu akụkụ, yabụ enwere ike iji ígwè eletriki nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọka. Ígwè a na-eme ka ọ dịrị mmiri mmiri mfe ịgafe, si otú a na-eme ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma.
Moto radial flux na-eji windings kesaa, ebe ruo ọkara nke njedebe winding anaghị arụ ọrụ. Overhang nke coil ga-ebute ibu ọzọ, ọnụ ahịa, iguzogide eletriki, na mbelata okpomọkụ karịa, na-amanye ndị na-emepụta ihe imeziwanye nhazi winding.
Ngwụcha nke eriri igwemoto axial fluxdị obere nke ukwuu, ụfọdụ atụmatụ na-ejikwa windings siri ike ma ọ bụ nkewa, nke dị irè kpamkpam. Maka igwe radial stator nkewa, mgbawa nke ụzọ flux magnet na stator nwere ike ibute mfu ndị ọzọ, mana maka moto flux axial, nke a abụghị nsogbu. Nhazi nke winding coil bụ isi ihe na-eme ka a mata ọkwa nke ndị na-ebubata ya.
3. Mmepe
Moto Axial flux na-eche nnukwu nsogbu ihu n'ihe gbasara imewe na mmepụta, n'agbanyeghị uru teknụzụ ha, ọnụ ahịa ha dị elu karịa nke moto radial. Ndị mmadụ nwere nghọta zuru oke nke moto radial, ụzọ mmepụta na akụrụngwa igwe dịkwa mfe ịnweta.
Otu n'ime ihe ịma aka kachasị na injin axial flux bụ ịnọgide na-enwe oghere ikuku dị n'etiti rotor na stator, ebe ike magnet dị ukwuu karịa nke injin radial, nke na-eme ka o sie ike ịnọgide na-enwe oghere ikuku dị otu. Moto axial flux nke rotor dual rotor nwekwara nsogbu mkpofu okpomọkụ, ebe ọ bụ na winding dị n'ime stator na n'etiti diski rotor abụọ ahụ, na-eme ka mkpofu okpomọkụ sie ike nke ukwuu.
Ọ na-esikwa ike imepụta injin Axial flux maka ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya. Igwe rotor abụọ nke na-eji igwe rotor abụọ nwere topology yok (ya bụ, iwepụ yok ígwè na stator mana ijide ezé ígwè) na-emeri ụfọdụ n'ime nsogbu ndị a na-agbasaghị dayameta na magnet moto ahụ.
Agbanyeghị, iwepụ yok ahụ na-eweta ihe ịma aka ọhụrụ, dị ka otu esi edozi ma debe ezé nke ọ bụla n'otu n'otu na-enweghị njikọ yok igwe. Ịjụ oyi bụkwa ihe ịma aka ka ukwuu.
Ọ na-esikwa ike imepụta rotor ma nọgide na-enwe oghere ikuku, ebe ọ bụ na diski rotor na-adọta rotor. Uru ya bụ na diski rotor na-ejikọ ozugbo site na mgbanaka shaft, ya mere ike ndị ahụ na-akwụsị ibe ha. Nke a pụtara na ihe dị n'ime anaghị eguzogide ike ndị a, naanị ọrụ ya bụ idobe stator n'etiti diski rotor abụọ ahụ.
Moto rotor nke nwere otu stator abụọ anaghị enwe nsogbu nke moto gburugburu, mana nhazi nke stator ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya ma sie ike inweta akpaaka, ọnụ ahịa ndị metụtara ya dịkwa oke elu. N'adịghị ka moto radial flux ọ bụla, usoro mmepụta moto axial na akụrụngwa igwe amalitela n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.
4. Iji ụgbọala eletrik eme ihe
Ntụkwasị obi dị oke mkpa n'ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala, yana igosi ntụkwasị obi na ike nke ụdị dị iche ichemoto axial fluxIji mee ka ndị nrụpụta kwenye na injin ndị a dabara adaba maka mmepụta n'ọtụtụ ihe abụrụla ihe ịma aka mgbe niile. Nke a emeela ka ndị na-ebunye injin axial mee mmemme nkwenye sara mbara n'onwe ha, ebe onye ọ bụla na-ebunye ya na-egosi na ntụkwasị obi injin ha adịghị iche na injin radial flux ọdịnala.
Naanị ihe nwere ike ịka nká n'imemoto axial fluxbụ ihe ndị a na-eji agagharị. Ogologo nke ihe ndị a na-eji agagharị agagharị dị mkpụmkpụ, ọnọdụ nke ihe ndị a na-eji agagharị dịkwa nso, nke a na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-atụkarị "karịa nha". Ọ dabara nke ọma, ihe ndị a na-eji agagharị agagharị nwere obere oke rotor ma nwee ike iguzogide obere ibu shaft rotor dynamic. Ya mere, ike dị adị nke a na-etinye na ihe ndị a dị obere karịa nke ihe ndị a na-eji agagharị agagharị.
Axle eletrọniki bụ otu n'ime ngwa mbụ nke moto axial. Obosara dị gịrịgịrị nwere ike itinye moto na gearbox n'ime axle ahụ. N'iji ngwakọ, ogologo axial dị mkpụmkpụ nke moto ahụ na-ebelata ogologo sistemụ nnyefe niile.
Nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ itinye moto axial n'elu wiil. N'ụzọ dị otu a, enwere ike ibufe ike ozugbo site na moto gaa na wiil, na-eme ka arụmọrụ moto ahụ ka mma. N'ihi iwepụ nnyefe, ọdịiche, na draịvashafts, a ebelatakwala mgbagwoju anya nke sistemụ ahụ.
Agbanyeghị, o yiri ka nhazi ọkọlọtọ apụtabeghị. Onye nrụpụta akụrụngwa mbụ ọ bụla na-enyocha nhazi kpọmkwem, ebe ọ bụ na nha na ọdịdị dị iche iche nke moto axial nwere ike ịgbanwe nhazi nke ụgbọ ala eletrik. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere moto radial, moto axial nwere njupụta ike dị elu, nke pụtara na enwere ike iji obere moto axial. Nke a na-enye nhọrọ nhazi ọhụrụ maka ikpo okwu ụgbọ ala, dịka itinye ngwugwu batrị.
4.1 Ogwe aka nkewa
Usoro moto YASA (Yokeless and Segmented Armature) bụ ihe atụ nke usoro rotor otu stator dual rotor, nke na-ebelata mgbagwoju anya nrụpụta ma dabara adaba maka mmepụta oke akpaaka. Moto ndị a nwere ike nke ruru 10 kW/kg na ọsọ nke 2000 ruo 9000 rpm.
Site na iji ihe njikwa raara onwe ya nye, ọ nwere ike inye ọkụ eletrik nke 200 kVA maka moto ahụ. Ihe njikwa ahụ nwere olu nke ihe dị ka lita 5 ma dị kilogram 5.8, gụnyere njikwa okpomọkụ yana oyi mmanụ dielectric, nke dabara adaba maka moto flux axial yana moto induction na radial flux.
Nke a na-enye ndị nrụpụta ngwa eletrọniki na ndị nrụpụta ọkwa mbụ ohere ịhọrọ moto kwesịrị ekwesị dabere na ngwa na oghere dị. Nha na ibu dị obere na-eme ka ụgbọala ahụ dị mfe ma nwee batrị karịa, si otú a na-eme ka mmụba nke oke ahụ dịkwuo elu.
5. Iji ọgba tum tum eletrik eme ihe
Maka ọgba tum tum eletrik na ATV, ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ emepụtala injin AC axial flux. Nhazi a na-ejikarị eme ụdị ụgbọ ala a bụ nhazi DC brush based axial flux, ebe ngwaahịa ọhụrụ a bụ nhazi AC, nke a kpọchiri akpọchi kpamkpam.
Mkpọchi nke ma moto DC na AC na-anọgide na-adịgide, mana rotor abụọ ahụ na-eji magnet na-adịgide adịgide kama ịtụgharị armature. Uru nke usoro a bụ na ọ chọghị ntụgharị igwe.
Nhazi AC axial nwekwara ike iji njikwa moto AC nke nwere usoro atọ maka moto radial. Nke a na-enyere aka ibelata ọnụ ahịa, ebe ọ bụ na njikwa na-achịkwa ọkụ nke ike, ọ bụghị ọsọ. Njikwa ahụ chọrọ ugboro 12 kHz ma ọ bụ karịa, nke bụ ugboro kachasị nke ngwaọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ.
Ugboro elu a na-abịa site na obere inductance nke 20 µ H. Ugboro a nwere ike ijikwa ọkụ eletrik iji belata ripple ugbu a ma hụ na akara sinusoidal dị nro dịka o kwere mee. Site n'echiche na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke a bụ ụzọ dị mma isi nweta njikwa moto dị nro site n'ikwe ka mgbanwe torque ngwa ngwa.
Nhazi a na-eji usoro ịgbagharị okpukpu abụọ kesaa, ya mere mmiri ndọta na-esi na rotor na-asọfe gaa na rotor ọzọ site na stator, na-enwe ụzọ dị mkpụmkpụ ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa.
Isi ihe dị mkpa na nhazi a bụ na ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na voltaji kachasị elu nke 60 V ma ọ dabaraghị maka sistemụ voltaji dị elu. Ya mere, enwere ike iji ya maka ọgba tum tum eletrik na ụgbọala nwere wiil anọ nke klas L7e dịka Renault Twizy.
Oke voltaji nke 60 V na-enye ohere ka a tinye moto ahụ n'ime sistemụ eletriki 48 V bụ isi ma na-eme ka ọrụ mmezi dị mfe.
Nkọwapụta ọgba tum tum L7e nke nwere wiil anọ n'ime Iwu Usoro European 2002/24/EC kwuru na ibu ụgbọala eji ebu ngwongwo agaghị agafe kilogram 600, ewezuga ibu batrị. A na-ekwe ka ụgbọala ndị a buru ihe karịrị kilogram 200 nke ndị njem, ọ gaghị agafe kilogram 1000 nke ibu, ọ gaghịkwa agafe kilowatt 15 nke ike injin. Usoro winding nke kesara nwere ike inye ike nke 75-100 Nm, yana ike mmepụta kachasị elu nke 20-25 kW na ike na-aga n'ihu nke 15 kW.
Ihe ịma aka nke mgbanwe axial dị n'otú windings ọla kọpa si ewepụ okpomọkụ, nke siri ike n'ihi na okpomọkụ ga-agafe na rotor. Winding nke kesara bụ isi ihe na-edozi nsogbu a, ebe ọ nwere ọtụtụ oghere ogidi. N'ụzọ dị otu a, enwere nnukwu mpaghara elu n'etiti ọla kọpa na shei, enwere ike ibufe okpomọkụ gaa n'èzí ma wepụta ya site na sistemụ mmiri oyi nkịtị.
Ọtụtụ ogidi magnetik dị mkpa iji ụdị ebili mmiri sinusoidal mee ihe, nke na-enyere aka belata harmonics. A na-egosipụta harmonics ndị a dị ka ikpo ọkụ nke magnet na isi, ebe ihe ndị mejupụtara ọla kọpa enweghị ike ibuga okpomọkụ. Mgbe okpomọkụ gbakọtara na magnet na isi ígwè, arụmọrụ ya na-ebelata, ọ bụ ya mere imeziwanye usoro ebili mmiri na ụzọ okpomọkụ ji dị mkpa maka arụmọrụ moto.
Emeela ka nhazi nke moto ahụ dịkwuo mma iji belata ọnụ ahịa ma nweta mmepụta akpaaka. Mgbaaka ụlọ e si n'èzí pụta anaghị achọ nhazi igwe dị mgbagwoju anya ma nwee ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa ihe. Enwere ike imebi eriri ahụ ozugbo ma jiri usoro njikọ n'oge usoro ịgbagharị iji nọgide na-enwe ọdịdị mgbakọ ziri ezi.
Isi ihe dị mkpa bụ na ejiri waya nkịtị dị maka azụmaahịa mee eriri igwe ahụ, ebe ejiri ígwè transformer nkịtị mee eriri ígwè ahụ, nke a chọrọ ka e bepụ ya ka ọ dị mma. Nhazi moto ndị ọzọ chọrọ iji ihe magnetik dị nro mee ihe na core lamination, nke nwere ike ịdị oke ọnụ.
Ojiji nke windings kesara pụtara na ọ dịghị mkpa ka e kewaa ígwè magnetik ahụ; ha nwere ike ịdị mfe ma dị mfe imepụta. Ịbelata nha ígwè magnetik na ịhụ na ọ dị mfe imepụta ya nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ibelata ọnụ ahịa.
Enwere ike ịhazi nhazi nke moto axial flux a dịka ihe ndị ahịa chọrọ si dị. Ndị ahịa nwere ụdị ahaziri iche nke e mepụtara gburugburu imewe bụ isi. Emechara mepụta ya na ahịrị mmepụta nnwale maka nkwenye mmepụta mbụ, nke enwere ike imegharị n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ndị ọzọ.
Nhazi bụ isi n'ihi na arụmọrụ nke ụgbọala ahụ dabereghị naanị na nhazi nke moto axial magnetic flux, kamakwa na ịdị mma nke nhazi ụgbọala ahụ, ngwugwu batrị, na BMS.
Oge ozi: Sep-28-2023
